世界上下五千年的内容(ÖйúÀúÊ·¹ÊÊÂÓ¢ÎÄÔÚÏßÔĶÁ)

世界上下五千年的内容

　　历史以人类的活动为特定的对象，它思接万载，视通万里，千恣百态，令人销魂，因此它比其他学科更能激发人们的想像力。下面是第一范文网小编为您整理的世界上下五千年的内容，希望对你有所帮助!

世界上下五千年的内容篇一：富兰克林低头的智慧

　　美国著名的政治家和科学家、《独立宣言》起草人之一的富兰克林，有一次到一位前辈家拜访，当他准备从小门进入时，因为小门的门框过于低矮，他的头被狠狠地撞了一下。出来迎接的前辈微笑着对富兰克林说：“很疼是吧?可是，这应该是你今天拜访我的最大收获。你要记住：要想平安无事地活在这人世间，你就必须时时记得低头。”

　　从此，富兰克林把“记得低头”作为毕生为人处世的座右铭。

　　虽然我们都是凡人，与富兰克林不能相提并论，但也应该时时刻刻学会低头，懂得低头，敢于低头。生命的重荷负载过多，就低一低头，卸去那份多余的沉重。面对自己的错误和不足，也要学会“低头”。只有学会低头，才能正视自己的错误。

　　民间有句非常贴切的谚语：“低头的是稻穗，昂头的是稗子”。越成熟越饱满的稻穗，头垂得越低。只有那些稗子，才会显摆招摇，始终把头抬得老高。

世界上下五千年的内容篇二：高贵的自由的故事

　　不久前，英国首相布莱尔偕夫人来到一个小镇度假。虽然是首相夫妇大驾光临，但小镇上的人依然我行我素，该晒太阳的晒太阳，该谈恋爱的谈恋爱，每个人都生活得自在而有序。明知布莱尔是个“大人物”，但大家仿佛不当一回事，因为众生平等。布莱尔喜欢泡吧，小镇唯一的一家酒吧老板丝毫不给面子，按预定计划关门休假去了。不过，老板仍然很礼貌地在酒吧门口留下一张字条：“欢迎布莱尔先生和太太，现在我们在放假，假期结束后我们会回来的。很抱歉!”

　　另一件事是我姑妈从德国“带”回来的：德国政府订立新法规，要求养猪的农户必须遵守以下一些条例——猪农每天至少花20秒，即早晚各10秒，跟每一头猪相处;每头猪都必须接触到光线，冬季时更要提供额外光源，以免它们心情忧郁;给每头猪提供两三个木头玩具或稻草人作为消遣，以防它们无事生非打架……这似乎有点难，但德国人做到了，因为法律是神圣的，他们信仰法律。(名人名言)

　　权力与法律，这是每个公民都必须面对的两样东西，但我们往往只迷信权力，崇拜权力，其实，法律才是至高无上不可侵犯的。我最欣赏南非的黑人领袖曼德拉先生婉拒人民挽留连任，坚决走下总统宝座时说的一句话：“我老了，我要回家!”权力不是他的全部生活，这是怎样一种洒脱?我也非常喜欢丘吉尔的母亲，有人问她，是否为自己当首相的儿子感到骄傲，她说：“是的，我还有一个儿子正在田里挖土豆，我为他们感到骄傲!”人的一生要面对许多人，要经历许多事，但无论如何都要活得自由而高贵，其实这也不难，学会平视权威，你会变得气宇轩昂，即高贵;学会尊重法律，你会活得心安理得，即自由!

世界上下五千年的内容篇三：被嘲讽出来的诺奖获得者

　　提起维克多·格林尼亚教授，人们自然就会联想到以他的名字命名的格氏试剂。无论哪一本有机化学课本或化学史里，都有关于格林尼亚的名字和格氏试剂的论述。但是，你可知道这位伟大的发明者曾走过一段曲折的道路?

　　1871年5月6日，维克多·格林尼亚出生在法国瑟尔堡的一个有名望的资本家家庭。他的父亲经营一家船舶制造厂，有着万贯资财。在格林尼亚青少年时代，由于家境的优裕，加上父母的溺爱和娇生惯养，使他在瑟尔堡整天游荡，盛气凌人。他没有理想，没有志气，根本不把学业放在心上，整天梦想能当上一位王公贵人。由于他长相英俊，瑟尔堡年轻美貌的姑娘都愿意和他谈情说爱。也就在这时，他受到了沉重的一击。

　　一次午宴，刚从巴黎来瑟尔堡的波多丽女伯爵竟然毫不客气地对他说：“请站远一点。我最讨厌被你这样的花花公子挡住我的视线!”这句话，如同针尖一般刺着了他的心。他猛然醒悟了，开始悔恨过去，自我反省，产生了羞愧和苦涩之感。从此，他发奋学习，发誓要追回过去浪费掉的时间。当他21岁时，他离开了曾使他堕落的家庭，并留下一封信，上面写道：“请不要探寻我的下落，容我刻苦努力地学习，我相信自己将来会创造出一些成就来的。”

　　他来到里昂，拜路易·波韦尔为师，经过两年刻苦学习，终于补上了过去所开设的全部课程，进入里昂大学插班就读。

　　在大学期间，他刻苦学习的态度赢得了有机化学的权威菲利普·巴尔的器重。在巴尔的指导下，他把老师所有著名的化学实验重新做了一遍，并准确地纠正了巴尔的一些错误和疏忽之处。终于，在这些大量的平凡实验中，格氏试剂诞生了。

　　格林尼亚一旦打开了科学的大门，他的科学成果就像泉水般地涌出来。基于他的伟大贡献，瑞典皇家科学院授予他1920xx年度的诺贝尔化学奖。此时，他突然收到波多丽女伯爵的贺信，信中只有寥寥一语：“我永远敬爱你!”

刘备开国那些事儿

　　导读：刘备(161年-220xx年6月10日)，字玄德，东汉末年幽州涿郡涿县(今河北省保定市涿州市)人，三国时期蜀汉开国皇帝。

　　赤壁之战以后，周瑜又花了一年多时间，把曹操的人马从荆州赶走。荆州究竟应该归谁呢?刘备认为，荆州本来是刘表的地盘，他和刘表是本家，刘表死了，荆州应该由他接管;但孙权认为，荆州是靠东吴的力量打下来的，应该归东吴。所以周瑜只把长江南岸的土地交给刘备管。刘备认为分给他太少了，很不满意。不久，周瑜病死了，鲁肃才劝说孙权把荆州借给刘备。

　　借人家地方总不是长远的办法，刘备不能不想开辟新的地盘。按照诸葛亮的计划，本来是要向益州发展的。正好在这个时候，益州的刘璋派人请刘备来了。

　　原来，益州牧刘璋手下有两个谋士，一个叫法正，一个叫张松，两个人是好朋友，都是很有才干的人。他们认为刘璋庸碌无能，在他手下干事没有出息，想谋个出路。

　　当曹操打下荆州的时候，刘璋曾经派张松到曹操那里去联络。那时候，曹操刚打了胜仗，有点骄傲，再加上派去的张松，个子矮小，外貌平常，曹操根本不把他搁在眼里。这就把张松气走了。

　　张松回到成都(益州的治所)，对刘璋说：“曹操野心很大，恐怕想并吞益州哩。”

　　刘璋着急起来。张松就劝他说：“刘备是主公的本家，又是曹操的对头，跟他结交，就可以对付曹操。”

　　刘璋听信了张松的话，就派法正到荆州去联络。

　　法正到了荆州见到刘备。刘备很殷勤地接待他，同他一起谈天下形势，谈得十分融洽。

　　法正一回来，就和张松秘密商议，想把刘备接来做益州的主人。

　　过了不久，曹操打算向汉中(今陕西汉中市东)进兵。益州受到了威胁。张松趁机劝刘璋把刘备请来守汉中。刘璋又派法正带了四千人马到荆州去迎接刘备。

　　法正到了荆州，直截了当地告诉刘备说：“益州是十分富庶的地方。像将军这样英明，又有张松作您的内应，取得益州，真是再容易也没有的事。”

　　刘备还有点犹豫不决。那时候，庞统已经当了刘备的军师。他坚决主张刘备到益州去，他说：“荆州土地荒凉，而且东有孙权，北有曹操，不容易得志，要建立大业，就应该拿下益州做基础。”

　　刘备听从了法正、庞统的劝说，就派诸葛亮、关羽留守荆州，自己带领人马到益州去。

　　后来，张松作内应的事被刘璋发现了。刘璋把张松杀了，布置人马抵抗刘备。

　　刘备带领人马向成都进军，打到雒城(今四川广汉北，雒音luò)，受到雒城的守军坚决抵抗，打了一年还没攻下来。庞统在战斗中中箭死了。刘备攻破雒城后，进攻成都。诸葛亮也带兵从荆州赶来会师。刘璋守不住，只好投降了。

　　公元220xx年，刘备进了成都，自称益州牧。他论功行赏，认为这次进益州，法正功劳最大，把他封为蜀郡太守。不光成都归他管，还把他当作谋士中的主要人物。

　　法正这个人心地狭窄。他有了权，就报个人恩怨。谁过去请他吃过饭，他就回礼;谁向他翻过白眼，他就报复。为了报个人的仇，甚至杀了好几个人。

　　诸葛亮就跟法正不一样。他帮助刘备治理益州，执法严明，不讲私情。当地有些豪门大族都埋怨起诸葛亮来。

　　法正劝告诸葛亮说：“从前汉高祖进关，只有约法三章，百姓都拥护他。现在您刚到这儿，似乎也应该宽容些，才合大家心意。”

　　诸葛亮说：“您只知其一，不知其二。秦朝刑法严酷，百姓怨恨，高祖废除秦法，制定约法三章，正是顺了民心。现在的情况完全不同。刘璋庸碌软弱，法令松弛，蜀地的官吏横行不法，弄得乱糟糟的。现在我要是不注重法令，地方上怎么能安定下来啊。”

　　法正听了诸葛亮的话，打心底里佩服诸葛亮。他自己也不敢像以前那么专横了。

ÖйúÀúÊ·¹ÊÊÂÓ¢ÎÄÔÚÏßÔĶÁ

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ÖйúÀúÊ·¹ÊÊ ӢÎÄ£ºThe king is a kind of person

¡¡¡¡Qinmu male although the body has many faults, but later people on his evaluation is not low, Qinmu male character quite noble person is particularly attractive. He is a special visionary king. During his tenure, the broad strokes of talented people, whether it is not of the state of Qin, as long as there is ability can be came to Qin work, open Qin Ke Qing system of its kind for appointment. During his administration, Qin's strength increased steadily.

¡¡¡¡Qinmu, date of birth is unknown, and he called Qin miaogong. He is the spring and Autumn period of Qin king. Surnamed Ying Zhao, who is as good, Qin public little son, Qin Xuan Gong, Qin Cheng Gong's younger brother. He should be in many monarchs of Qin, even in that many leaders of the country's monarch, is a very wise kings and, in his efforts, many celebrities take refuge under his door, bailixi, Jian TERT, PI leopard, Gongsun Zhideng are once help Qinmu Gong Zhuang nation Qin of China. In his life also helped the prince of Jin to return, once controlled the western region, become the west a power.

¡¡¡¡"Benefits the country and the twelve, open a thousand li, historical records, clearly recorded Qin in Qinmu male lead, development and growth process. Qin because growth in the Rong Dizhong development, often contact with the Rong and Di, retained the a lot of nomadic people, customs and also learn the northern nationalities of superb riding. Therefore, Qin people will develop the raising horse habits, under the influence of Qin Mugong, Qin had established the coarse scale system of cavalry, and Qin cavalry each with a dagger, this approach also with the king of Zhao Wuling hufujishe very similar, only Qinmu this do immeasurably Zhao Ling Wang much earlier.

¡¡¡¡The king is very like the individual horse, because the horse will see the horse so Qinmu more important than life. There is a very famous story about the dead horse riding, there is a story about him and the horse. "Qi Xia and savage three hundred people were eating. Officials would by law. Said: "the gentleman does not harm to livestock. I smell fresh horse not drinkers, hurt. " The wine is the wine. Subsequently, mu of Shanxi, three hundred people who heard Mu Gong Jin with vertebral front fight death, to the food of the horse. So mu Gong was to return to the." Riding a horse lost, Qishan in this place were found. When found, the horse has been the local people to eat, local officials to evict them and want to using the law to punish these people, but Qin Mugong know, hurriedly block, and with concern, said: "the gentleman is not because of a beast to hurt people, but also said that if there is no wine meat, light to eat meat that is not good." Therefore, the king gave it to the three hundred wine, let they eat meat with wine.

¡¡¡¡Later, Qin Mugong crusade against the state of Jin and the three hundred people heard Qin Mugong was besieged with Jin, scrambling to give Qinmu male combat, in order to repay's original Qinmu male let them eat horse meat and drink kindness, Qinmu male with virtue to the detriment of the people, let Qin people willing to fight for the state of Qin, which is Qin finally able to defeat the state of Jin, Qin Mugong captured Jin, returned to the state of Qin.

¡¡¡¡Qin Mugong can sit the man of God, not just because of his own identity, status to promote his accession to the throne, the important is in office after his actions, his character, is he was the commander of the state of Qin, an important reason for the development and expansion of the. Qin Mugong like those talented people, to his work, so he Xiancai, regardless of the person's nationality. During this period, Qin emerged a large number of personnel, greatly promoted the development of the state of Qin, in aspect, Qin Mugong more trust foreign guest Qing, for their country's nobles, he will not reuse, fear nobles development and expansion of their rule unfavorable. Qin Mugong approach proved to be quite right. And he is a pole has a strategic vision, I like horses, even horses were killed by the people, he still maintained a calm attitude, to the people as the most important, standing on the position of the people, not because of a horse and lost his whole nation and people, even if things are not weary in well doing. This is Qin Mugong flash point, he knew, compared to the lives of people and animals, nature is people's life more. He was loved by the people by virtue of his good virtue. Qin Guoben is a marginal countries, unlike Chu, Jin, song, really is developed from scratch, even sanfanliangci inconsistencies of the state of Jin, Qin still and Jin maintained good relations, and with the original promise. In 647 BC, famine had turned to the state of Qin Jin. At that time, relations between the two countries is not friendly, Qin on loan of grain produced dispute. And the king said: "Jin bailixi who offended you, but Jin people have what sin?" The king listened to bailixi proposal, agreed to lend the food. Move not only improves the Qin's prestige, also won not only the state of Qin, Jin people heart, won the hearts of the people of the world.

¡¡¡¡Honest, acting in good faith, aiminruzi, broad strokes of talented people, these are Qinmu male would be able to mount the throne on Qin can become an important reason for the spring and Autumn period, a power.

ÖйúÀúÊ·¹ÊÊ ӢÎÄ£ºThe king who is what his name is.

¡¡¡¡Sima Qian's "historical records" records: "Qin Qi Xianggong, Zhang Yuwen, Bartholomew, offer, filial piety, slightly to encroach on the six countries and millions have rest, to the first emperor but can and crown with Lun." Sima Qian of Qin Mugong evaluation is not low, he believes that the prosperity of Qin since the Qin Xianggong, and in Qinmu Gong, Qin Xiangong of several generations of monarchs, obtained the further development, eventually made it to the state of Qin can across the six countries, dominate the princes of the country, become the eternal emperor.

¡¡¡¡Qin Mugong is a sovereign of a Qin more wise, Qin is a warlike nation, in this atmosphere, can face a king with his own virtue to influence people, it can be said is very rare. In many people's eyes, Qinmu Gong is one of the spring and autumnwu Ba, and by virtue of his candle Wu back to Qin Shi, Jian TERT division cry and famous, he is Qin a distinguished monarch and Qin variable a founder of the strong. Qinmu, date of birth is unknown, and he called Qin miaogong. He is the spring and Autumn period of Qin king. Surnamed Ying Zhao, who is as good, Qin public little son, Qin Xuan Gong, Qin Cheng Gong's younger brother.

¡¡¡¡In the Qin Xianggong before Qin's position is not very high. Qin people, win surname, Qin because good with horses by the Zhou emperor appreciated, Qin Guocai has its own side of the land. Zhou royal family moving eastward, King Ping of Zhou's power was much less than before, many princes began to neglect Zhou, and in the state of Qin at this time, and not because of King Ping of Zhou's decline and cold Zhou. On the contrary, it all the way escort Zhou returned to the capital of Zhou Dynasty, Zhou moved will Qin Guofeng for leaders of the country. Thus, Qin began to thrive. To the Qin Xianggong of this generation, Qin Guocai finally came out of A.

¡¡¡¡Start real development is in the period of the king. Qin in Rong Dizhong development grow, because long-term and the northern nomadic nationalities living together, Qin retained a lot of Rong Di custom, for this reason has been the subject of discrimination of Central Plains of the Warring States, Qin look down on them, because of the development of the time is not long, but this is not all optimistic about the country after the efforts of several generations of monarchs, develop to become national match with the state of Jin. The king inherited brother into the public place. In 654 BC, Jin married Prince Shensheng sister Boji as mrs.. It can be said that the King opened a tie is".

¡¡¡¡Jin civil strife, Jin sonzhong ER and I fled abroad, in Duke Xian of Jin Die, I promised to cede Hedong Pentapolis as a condition, in order to get Qinmu support, Qin Mugong support I ascended the throne, Wu ascended the throne after not only failed to abide by its commitments also repeatedly violated the border of Qin, Qin did not have any outrageous act of Jin. Later Jin famine, turn to the state of Qin, Qin did not mind Jin before sorry his things, generously help Jin unexpectedly in the state of Qin of famine, Jin not only to the rescue, but also adding insult to injury, lead to the state of Qin had to send troops to attack the state of Jin, the war of the Jin army defeated, Jin Hui public captured. Jin Qin was forced to surrender, and was forced to cede to the east of Wucheng Qin, Qin the only miss jin. Later, by force of circumstance, having to woo Jin, to his daughter is pregnant with win married the prince of Jin, take the initiative to return the state of Jin's land, the two countries to mend fences.

¡¡¡¡However, father Jin Huigong ill, but Prince threw the princess a person back to the state of Jin, reason is fear that his throne will be replaced by other prince, Qin huff cancelled the marriage, and intends to support Chonger to the king of Jin. In 636 BC, Qin Mugong will flee in Chonger to escort back to the state of Jin, Jin agreed crowned as king is Duke Wen of Jin. Later, Chonger also become the one of the spring and autumnwu ba. Since then, Qin and Jin several marriage, Qin Jin bilateral reconciliation. Later on, people will their marriage between men and women are well known as the "body".

ÖйúÀúÊ·¹ÊÊ ӢÎÄ£ºThe Duke finally died.

¡¡¡¡The Duke, the most famous is his "benevolence and righteousness", his righteousness in the eyes of many generations of people is an idiot, and even Mao Zedong also said: "we are not the Duke, not the kind of pig of virtue and morality." Of course, Mao Zedong issued such a feeling, because of his background and the Duke's background is not the same. Future generations of his evaluation is mixed, like he is a gentleman's demeanor and bearing his decision, don't like him and feel his hypocrisy, talk of virtue and morality. As a result, in the state of song frustrated.

¡¡¡¡The Duke, who Zifu. The Duke's date of birth is unknown, he is in the state of song of the spring and Autumn period monarch. "Benevolence" is synonymous with him, his life has three things to depict his righteousness. The Duke's mother is Zhengshi, song of the throne logical is the Duke of sac, he has a half brother named head razed, Duke felt head razed is a very talented person, than their own righteousness, visionary. Therefore, we want to let in the head razed. To insist on not accepting the head razed, his throne will let out, not more than their own righteousness? This is the last song to sit on the throne.

¡¡¡¡The Duke came to the throne, began to. Song of the strength is not too bad, Duke Huan of Qi in the reign when sunflower Qiu Huimeng, once please song to help take care of Prince childe Qi Zhao. The Duke soon agreed, in the Duke's death, Qi soon has civil strife. The Duke of considerable importance of righteousness, even as it is more important than life. At the same time, the Duke of overlord plot also. The song of the strength is not very strong, but the Duke think childe Zhao defected to him, this is a can make use of the opportunity, can improve the prestige and influence of Qi by Qi childe Showa Qi past dominance. We want to seize the opportunity to seize the leadership of the son, in the state of song zhao. Zhao Qi will son back to the throne.

¡¡¡¡Duke childe Zhao peace back to the state of Qi, since that did a great thing, will give out oneself also want to follow the practice of Qi HuanGong, orders princes, discuss a dominant things. The Duke to discuss with Qi Chu alliance things, and want to get the support of Chu and Qi, Chu received the letter after the Duke overreached. The doctor into Dechen said: "no real good song, conspiracy to believe." Chu people think this is a good opportunity to dominate the Central Plains, as the song of the alliance, a double-edged sword. So, the Duke agreed to the request of chu.

¡¡¡¡Things in Song country head razed long will discourage the Duke, small countries dominate the only evil, or moreover, and do not keep credit Chu war, results will not be good to go, the Duke does not listen to, a person with some men go, results to the alliance, sub song Chu two countries a few words of Chu on the Duke to catch up, Chu but prepared, with the large number of troops, Duke in the state of Chu done hostage to a period of time, was back in the state of song.

¡¡¡¡From this incident, the song of Chu has a grudge, because Zheng Guo supported the Chu song, even sent soldiers to attack Zheng Guo, Chu certainly knew this song is in the state of Chu, heard of this, quickly organized forces to attack Song Guo, the battle is the history of the famous "deep water war". In this war, the Duke abide by the "benevolence" principle and "salute", adhere to the "the gentleman does not hurt, Buqinermao, not to block the AI, never not listed" principle, do not listen to the views of solid Gongsun insisted on righteousness, combat, attack of Chu in righteousness under the banner of Gongsun to solid the Duke advised waiting until the Chu army to half past the river crossing to kill. The Duke is not willing to wait until all the Chu army, after crossing the river. When the Chu on the river bank arrangement. Gongsun solid advice to be the Chu army on the banks of a river is a mess and attack them. The Duke heard the remark again against, to wait for the Chu army formations to attack, otherwise, it is shown their own righteousness. The results, wait until the Chu army cloth good array, lined up to come over. Song Guocai began to fight the Duke charge into the enemy ranks was seriously injured. The song was a great attention of righteousness, he was good to his men, so his men are desperate to protect him. It is to save his life, the battle song song after the defeat, completely out of the hegemony of the stage. And the Duke of righteousness for the people of the world suffered ridicule.

¡¡¡¡Hong water after the war, Duke returned home to recuperate. And met with Jin sonzhong ER in this period, and give Chonger in material support, making Chonger can finally landed on the throne. In 637 BC, the Duke died because of pain, this song also disappeared in the stage of history. Why did Confucius say: "unjust wars"? Because of the so-called "righteousness" of the war, in the spring and Autumn period is already over.